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BIRD'S-EYE VIEW, SHOWING GROUND PLAN OF THE EXPOSITION
Orve Hundred Views of the
An UP-TO-DATE
Souvenir Booklet for the Visitor, the Resident, and for Universal Trans- nvission to show something of the Greatt Exposition and of the Queen City of the LaLkes.
TAJSl'AME^ICAJ^
EXTOSITIOJ^
Buffalo
andJVIAGA'RA FALLS
With a
Brief
Descriptive
Guide
To
These
Great
Attractions
^^x ^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^*
With Suggestions for PLEASURE TRIPS Sj^ LAKE AJ^D LAJWD
buffalo, n. y.. u. s. a. Robert Allan Reid
19 0 1. Publisher
The Trade Supplied by the AMERICAN NEWS COMPANY and its Branches.
THE BUFFALO NEWS COMPANY,
General Sales Agents.
Copyright 1 90 1 , by Robert A. Reid. All Pan-American Building designs in this publication are copyrighted by the Pan-American Exposition Co. All othe
tents covered by the publisher's copyright. All rights reserved.
MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION BUILDING
An imposing structure. 350 x 500 feet. In the machinery department, machinery for making and transmitting power and general machinery are exhibited. Transportation exhibits embrace lighter railway systems and the classes of vehicles run by motor and all other means.
^ The Pan-American Exposition \^
HOW TO SEE IT
THE people of the Western World have marveled at their own great progress in a hun- dred years and a thousand wajs. To celebrate with fitting ceremony and lestivity the closing of the old and the beginning of the new cent- ury, this magnificent Exposition has been planned. It is strictly an affair of the Western Continent, full of promise as a means for great ends — the broadening of intel- ligence, the advancement of dis- covery, invention, science, and all the useful industries and arts, and a closer union of the interests of the Americas.
ENTERING THE GROUNDS
The site of the Exposition is in the northern part of the City of Buf- falo, covering 350 acres, 133 acres of which is improved park lands and lakes. At the northern extrem- ity is an immense railway station. Leaving his train here the Expo- sition visitor passes through the station to the spacious Raihcaij Exhibits Building, which houses a great display of heavy railway equipment. This display is the most comprehensive of the develop- ment of rail transportation ever made at an Exposition, a development
JOHN G. MILBURN, sident Pan-American Exposition Co.
which has been rapid, keeping well up to the demands of an exact- ing public.
Emerging from the south side of the Railway Exhibits Building the visitor sees, on the opposite side of an open area, looming up in stately and graceful proportions. The Propylaa, or monu- mental entrances to the Exposition. This structure was planned principally for the purpose of shutting out as far as possible the noise and smoke of the many trains running past the grounds; but at the same time an imposing sight for visitors was provided as well. It is a magnificent architectural feature. The Propyljea consists ot two entrances connected by a colonnade which has a graceful curve to the north. The structure is 500 feet long and the gateways are broad arches, 54 feet high and 36 feet wide. Two high, open towers surmount the arches on either side, and above the 20 tall Ionic columns that form the colonnade is a pergola, over which growing vines spread their fresh, green foliage. Statuary is placed between the columns against a background of color.
THE PLAZA AND RESTAURANTS.
The Propylsa marks the northern boundary of the Plaza, one of the most beautiful parts of the grounds, with a bandstand of pleas- ing appearance in the center, surrounded by sunken gardens full of blooming flora. On the east and the west are large restaurants, with passages leading to the Midway on the west and the Stadium on the east. From this point is obtained a full view of the lofty and commanding centerpiece of the Exposition, the Electric Tower, standing at the southern end of the Plaza, and dividing it from the Court of Fountains.
GREAT ELECTRIC TOWER.
The height of the Tower is 409 feet above the surface of the broad basin in which it stands. It is flanl;ed on the east and west by long curved colonnades, which sweep to the southward and termi- nate in airy pavilions, forming a semi-circular space 200 feet across. The main body of the Tower is SO feet square. From the surface of the water to the top of the colon- nades is 1 10 feet. This portion of the structure is enriched by a sys- tem of decorative rusticated bands, which give an aspect of great solid- ity to the base. The shaft of the Tower is treated with great sim- plicity. The center of each side is paneled with fantastically perforat- ed work, through which is indis- tinctly revealed the massive frame- work of the tower. This feature produces a remarkable effect when lighted from within. The main shaft of the tow'er terminates in an elaborate entablature at the height of 200 feet. The crown of the tower rests upon this entablature and is composed of three stories ot diminishing proportions and vary- ing design. The lower ot these stories is an arcaded loggia, rich in ornamentation and having the wall surfaces brilliantly colored. Pavilionettes at the corners ter- minate in light fantastic cupolas.
THE GODDESS OF LIGHT.
The second stage, or lantern of the tower crown, is in the form of a high circular colonnade, entirely open, so as to allow the effect of the sky to be seen between the columns. A spiral staircase within the colonnade leads to the last stage of the tower, the cupola, over whose soaring dome is posed the superb figure of the Goddess of Light, in hammered brass, thus dominating the entire Exposition, which owes so much to her generously exerted power.
Hon. WILLIAM I, BUCHANAN. Director General.
The entrance to the tower is across an ornamented bridge from the Plaza, on the north side. Elevators carry passengers to the various floors which are de'voted to different purposes of the Expo- sition, such as reception rooms, olfices, restaurants, belvideres and amusement halls. A large restaurant and roof garden, at a height of 200 feet, gives the diner a broad and beautiful view ot the Expo- sition and the surrounding landscape. From the cupola the eye can sweep the whole Niagara Frontier, and look far into Canada, beyond the majestic river that separates that country from the States.
Sculpture plays an important part in the decoration of the Tower. Two magnificent monumental groups of statuary flank each of the lour sides of the base. In the southern face of the tower is a mag- nificent escutcheon, representing the arms and seal of the United States. In the spandrel of the great arch are sculptures in high relief. The pavilions and wings are also richly decorated with sculptures and other architectural devices.
GREAT BURST OF ILLUMINATION.
The entire exterior of the Tower is studded with more than 40,000 electric lamps, so arranged that a great variety of effects can be secured. .At a height of 360 feet on the tower is a searchlight, with a 30-inch projector, the beam of which flashes through space with great brilliancy for many miles, embracing in its grand circle the Falls of Niagara, the harnessed energy of which operates the ma- chinery which generates its lighting power.
ELECTRICITY BUILDING.
To the west of the tower is the Electricity Building, a splendid structure, 500 by 150 feet, which is devoted to the exhibits of elec- trical machinery and appliances. Following the style of the Spanish Renaissance, the architect has overlooked no opportunity for the use of rich decorative effects.
The 75,000 square feet of exhibition space available in the Elec- tricity Building is devoted to three groups of exhibits, namely, the Service Plant, for the transformation and distribution of the 5,000 horse power transmitted from Niagara Falls, for lighting and power purposes; a Collective Exhibit of historical interest, containing illus- trative models and apparatus showing important advances in the art; the Commercial Exhibit, showing articles possessing distinctive merit, whether this consists in workmanship, novelty or usefulness. This is the most important electrical exhibit ever made.
ELECTRICITY BUILDING
West of the Electric Tower, 500 x 1 50 feet. Contains Plant for distribution of Electric Power for Expositio
Historic Exhibits in Electrical Arts.
nd the Commercial and
MACHINERY AND TRANSPORTATION.
Leaving the Electricity Building, and continuing southward, the visitor comes next to the Machinery and Transportation Building, 500 feet from east to west and 350 feet from north to south. The main entrances in the north and south facades are flanked on either side by tall towers having open lan- terns and an intricate detail of plas- tic ornamentation. The entrances are all rich in their decorative work, and the walls are broken with arcaded windows finished with 3:ri!l screens of an ornamental I character. Each facade is thus en- riched with important architectural I features, and at the four corners are open pavilions from which charming views of the grounds may be obtained. The red tile roofs have broad, overhanging eaves which cast deep shadows, and the entire exterior is tinted in har- mony with the general color scheme of the Exposition.
In the Division of Machinery, as in all other divisions, the aim has been to place before the public exhibits possessing distinct novelty and educational value. Here are shown the generation and trans- mission of power; apparatus and means for controlling, conveying and measuring air, gases and liquids; machinery and appliances for controlling lire; machinery for special industries; machines and tools for working metals; machinery for working wood; miscellaneous machinery; machines, tools and appliances for special purposes;" machines for working clay, stone and glass.
WONDERS ON WHEELS.
In this building are also shown transportation exhibits not included in the display in the special building lor heavy railway exhibits.
JOHN N. SCATCHERD. bairman Executive Committe
The transportation exhibit embraces standard and narrow gauge rail- ways, operated by steam; .special elevated, surface, and under- ground railway systems; Wheeled vehicles of transportation for personal use; wheeled vehicles for horse power; road vehicles operated by electricity, steam, gasoline or compressed air; vehicles for use on ice and snow; special means of transportation; vehicles for mercantile or pleasure service; together with history and liter- ature.
COURT OF FOUNTAINS.
Passing out through the eastern door of the Machinery and Trans- portation building, the visitor sees a living picture, the beauty of which surpasses an)' ever before wrought by man for the pleasure of his fellows. It is the Court of Fountains. This court is 565 feet long and 225 feet wide and surrounded by a balcony, of magnificent de- sign and tastetully ornamented with statuary. Here are produced floral and fountain effects of surpassing loveliness. At night, under the electric light, the scene takes on a new splendor. Beautiful plants and flowers kissed to a dewy dazzlement by falling spray and the glow of concealed incandescent lamps, delight the visitor. The water figures in this display take the shape of sheaves of wheat, lilies, etc., having an average height of 12 feet. There are 20 of each of these figures.
THE GENIUS OF WATER..
From this point, too, may be had another and finer view of the Electric Tower, and the basin in which the most strenuous water effects are produced, is in view. Here in a significant group of statuary the sculptor has portrayed his artistic conception of the Genius of Water. In the basin in front of the statuary the water boils to a height of four or five feet, thus carrying out still further the idea. From a niche in the Tower, 70 feet high, pours 13,000 gallons of water per minute, which is broken into an immense water screen or veil by means of a dellector. On each side of the center of the structure are located two groups of water jets, with 26 large pillar jets, throwing columns of water to a height of fifty {''•'A. On the arc of a circle, whose center is the niche, are 42 large jets, throwing water in a parabola curve toward the cascades in front of the niche. The splendor of the scene, under the play of colored lights of varying intensity, is indescribable. In the basins are 94- searchlights, each lighting up its individual water display.
THE TEMPLE OF MUSIC
One of the n.ost beautiful of the Exposition buildings. Seating capacity. 2.200. Contains one of the largest and finest Pipe Organs All of the great musical events will take place here. Two recitals are given daily.
TEMPLE OF MUSIC.
Proceeding southward along the Court of Fountains, the next object of interest is the Temple of Music. The grand entrance is at the corner of the Esplanade and Court of Fountains. The cornice and balustrade are of elaborate composition, the latter bearing names familiar to the musical world. The interior of the temple is particularly tine in its sculptural and color decorations. The ex- terior of the building is ornate in architectural features and groups of sculpture designed to illustrate the purpose and character of the building. .4 dome whose crown is 136 feet above grade, and whose interior is brilliant with golden tints and other rich hues, gives an imposing finish to the structure. Star-shaped windows in the drum of the dome admit abundant light to the large auditorium, which seats 1,200 persons, and with the additional seating capacity afforded in the balconies fully 2,000 persons can be accommodated.
The great organ for the Temple of Music, which cost SI 5,000, was built by Emmons Howard of Westfield, Mass. Two recitals by prominent exponents of this branch of musical art are given each day. Concerts by the leading instrumental organizations of America and Europe are given every day in the Music Temple and from the band-stands in the Plaza, Esplanade and other parts of the grounds.
GRAPHIC ARTS BUILDING.
West of the Temple of Music is the handsome Graphic Arts Build- ing, 150 feet square. Here and in the workshop of Graphic Arts ad- jacent are exhibited all the latest inventions pertaining to printing and its allied arts, and the finest specimens of their finished products The workshop is 180 by 70 feet, and it contains working exhibits, machinery, materials, etc.
HORTICULTURAL BUILDING.
Passmg from the Graphic Arts Building through a conservatory on the west, curving graceftilly toward the south, the Horticultural Building is reached. This magnificent structure is 220 feet square. The roof is a great dome, with a central lantern extending to a height of 240 feet. The exhibits in the Horticultural Building in- clude all the popular fruits and their products from many states and countries. A refrigerating room upon the grounds enables the man- agement to obtain a complete display of fresh fruits throughout the Exposition season. .4t various times when certain fruits are at their best, special displays will be made of certain varieties. The dis-
plays in the Horticultural Building include also dried and preserved fruits and many articles and appliances used in horticulture. The outdoor displays consist of .tursery stock from all the leading nurseries in the country, including orchard and ornamental trees, shrubs and evergreens. The displays of roses include many thou- sands of bushes. The water gardens are a feature of particular interest, as they are now in special favor with horticulturists in many parts of the countrj'. Among these gardens is a small lake specially heated for certain tropical plants. In the conservatories are othei displays of tropical plants such as to interest every lover of flowers and ornamental foliage. The outdoor floral exhibits consist of more than 500 beds of all the popular flowers.
IN THE MINES BUILDING.
Through another conservatory the visitor continues to the Mines Building, containing an exhibit of absorbing interest, consisting of valuable collections, minerals, ore?, native metals, gems, crystals, and geological specimens; mining machinery, tools and appliances; machinery for crushing, pulverizing and milling; machinery for quarrying stone; machinery, tools and appliances used in moving, delivering and storing ores and coal; ores and metallic products; non-metallic mineral products, such as abrasive, grinding and polish- ing materials, limestone, cements and artificial stone, graphite and its products, clays and other fictile materials and their direct pro- ducts, salts, sulphur, pigments, etc.; mineral combustibles; quarry products; literature and statistics.
ON THE TRIUMPHAL BRIDGE.
Through the eastern doorway of the Mines Building the visitor enters a pergola extending to the Triumphal Bridge over the neck of water between the Mirror Lakes, a massive structure, richly orna- mented with sculpture and color, and outrivaling in magnificence the great .Alexander Bridge of the Paris Exposition. At either side are cascades and underneath are grottoes. In the eastern lake is a wooded island.
THE SPACIOUS ESPLANADE.
At this point a grand view is obtained. The north end of the bridge is upon the Esplanade, which will hold 250,000 people. Two large and ornamental band stands are prominently situated in the
Esplanade and opposite each is a system of fountains. Loolcing northward from this point the eye tal<es in the Fountain of Abund- ance, the smaller fountains and cascades of the Court of Fountains, the water effects in the Grand Basin, and the Electric Tower. A more beautiful view it would be difficult to conceive. To the west- ward are the Rose Gardens, a portion of the Horticultural exhibit, in the midst of which is the building designated as the headquarters of the Board of Women Managers of the Exposition.
NEW YORK STATE BUILDING.
Further away, to the southward, is the New York State Building. This is to be a permanent edifice. The material of which it is con- structed is white marble, and the style of architecture is that of a Doric Temple. At the close of the Exposition this magnificent ■ structure will become the property of the Buffalo Historical Society. It cost upwards of $170,000 — the State contributing $100,000of the 8300,000 appropriated by the Legislature, and the Historical Society and the City of Buffalo contributing the balance. The dimensions of the building are 130x82 feet, the north front 20 feet less than the south. The height is 33 feet on the north and 40 feet on the south walls.
The northern end of the Triumphal Bridge is upon the Fore Court, beyond which is the approach from the Delaware Park entrance, the road to which is carried over the neck dividing Park Lake from the North Bay by a fine new bridge of three arches, typifying the Americas, called the Bridge of the Three .Americas.
LIFE SAVING STATION.
On the north shore of the lake is seen the United States Govern- ment Life Saving Station, which is equipped with the most modern boats and appurtenances for the saving of life along the coasts. Here a captain and crew of ten men of the Government Life Saving Service give daily illustrations of life saving.
CASINO AND BOAT HOUSE.
Directly across the Lake is a new Casino and Boathouse, built by the City T)f Buffalo at a cost of $30,000. It is a very handsome and attractive building of stone, covering an area of 109x73 feet, and three stories high. It contains a restaurant, amusement and loung- ing-rooms and quarters for storing bicycles.
STATE AND FOREIGN BUILDINGS.
To the east are the State and,- Foreign Buildings, to which fifteen acres are devoted. In this section of the grounds are also the A. 0. U. W., the Maccabees, and other Fraternity buildings, pre- historic Indian Mounds, the two Continents in flowers, the Six Nations Indian Exhibit, with its log and bark houses, and the indi- vidual ordnance exhibit.
FINE ARTS BUILDING.
To the southeast, near the shore ol Park Lake, is the Fine Arts Building, 221 feet long by 106 feet wide. The style of architecture is a departure from the modernized Spanish Renaissance of the other large exhibit buildings, being the classic Greek and remindful of the Erechtheura at Athens. Here are displayed the finest paintings, sculpture and decorations that have appeared within the last quarter century.
FORESTRY BUILDING.
Here, loo, is the Forestry Building, built of logs and bark of various kinds of wood, containing a most comprehensive exhibit of forest products, industries, manufactures, geography, botany, methods of forest crop production, exploitation, management, education, etc.
UNITED STATES BUILDING.
Returning to the Esplanade, and walking through a pergola on the east corresponding to the one seen on the west, the visitor comes next to the
FISHERIES BUILDING
of the United States Government group at the eastern end of the Esplanade. In the center of this building, which is 150 feet square, is a fountain, covered with mosses and aquatic plants, sending a jet of water high in the air to cool the atmosphere. Around this foun- tain, next to the walls, runs a circular corridor, on the outside of which are tanks containing the live fish exhibits. The corridor is in semi-darkness, while the tanks are lighted from above, and making all the life they contain plainly visible. Across the corridor are mirrors, giving the effect of a very large room. The fish and fish- eries exhibit consists of fish and other forms of aquatic life, appli- ances for sea and fresh water fishing, models and photographs of fishing vessels and boats, methods of fishing, manipulation and products ot fisheries, and literature.
MINES, HORTICULTURE AND GRAPHIC ARTS BUILDINGS
At the western end of the Esplanade, form a semi-circular court. They are connected by conservatories in which are rare floral exhibits.
ENTRANCE TO THE MIDWAY THE PROPYL/EA
The amusement section of the Exposition,
The Propylasa is 500 feet long' with a massive towered entrance at each end.
GREAT MAIN BUILDING.
The Fisheries Building is connected with the Main Government Building by a pergola. The main building is 130 feet from east to west and 600 feet from north to south. Like most of the other large Exposition Buildings, its architecture is a free treatment of the Spanish Renaissance. Its mammoth dome is surmounted by a sculp- tured quadriga representing Victory, Opposite the Fisheries Building, on the Esplanade, is a building of like dimensions and architecture, and connected with the main building in the same manner, known as the Colonial Building, in which exhibits gathered in Uncle Sam's new possessions are made. All the Government Departments are represented with displays both interesting and instructive.
UNCLE SAM'S BIG GUNS.
At the northern end ot the main building is the Government's outdoor exhibit of ordnance. Here is a 13-inch mortar, a 12-inch gun with disappearing carriage, a 10-inch gun on a barbette carriage and a 5-inch rapid-fire gun. The exhibit of ordnance and munitions of war at this Exposition is the largest ever made anywhere. Two buildings are devoted to private exhibits of ordnance and war equip- ment.
ETHNOLOGY BUILDING.
The western door of the Colonial Building leads to colonnades from which may be viewed the beautiful Court of Cypresses on the north. Passing through the colonnades we come to the Ethnology Building, where mankind studies man. This building is directly op- posite the Fountain of Abundance. It is circular in form., with a diameter of 128 feet. The exhibits in this building are divided into four groups, relating in their order to prehistoric archieology, his- torical arch;eology, ethnology, and art in connection with ethnology and archieology,
MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL ARTS.
Proceeding northward the visitor comes to the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, corresponding in size to the Machinery and Transportation Building, which is directly opposite, across the Court of Foitntains. The Manufactures exhibit is divided into groups of chemicals and drugs; paint and painters' supplies, soaps, essences and perfumery, and toilet articles; traveling, camping and sporting apparatus, furniture and interior decorations; carvings and art metal
work; ceramics and allied products; glass and glassware; burial appliances; heating, cooking, and washing apparatus and kitchen ap- pliances; lighting apparatus -and appliances; refrigerators, hollow ware, tin ware, enamel ware; sewing machines; jute, ramie and other vegetable and mineral fabrics, fabrics of glass; gold and silver ware, jewelry, ornaments, watches, clocks, etc.; rubber and water- proof goods; woolens, cottons, linens, silks, furs and millinery, toys and barbers' supplies; paper, stationery and typewriters; leather and manufactures of leather; scales, weights and measures; steel and wrought iron; vaults, safes, hardware, cutlery, edge tools and other implements; miscellaneous articles.
Educational Displays. — In the Liberal Arts Division are shown exhibits relating to education, engineering, public works, sanitation, constructive architecture, social economy, music and the drama.
Foods and Their Accessories are also shown in this building. This exhibit will embrace coffees, teas, spices and es- sences; sugars; preserved fruits; nuts, mushrooms, dried fruits and vegetables; foods prepared from cereals; beverages for household and other uses; preserved and prepared foods.
AGRICULTURE BUILDING.
Across the Mall, to the north, is the .Xgriculture Building, corre- sponding in size to the Electricity Building. Here is the exhibit of agricultural machinery and appliances for cultivating the soil, har- vesting and preserving crops, etc.; implements, machines and appliances for various agricultural and rural uses, such as making and repairing roads, building fences, raising and storing and applying water, irrigation and drainage, and the development and transmission of power for farm uses; implements and machinery for the cultivation and preparation of special crops; and miscellaneous farm machinery, appliances, apparatus and fixtures.
MODEL DAIRY BUILDING.
East of the Agriculture Building, just across the canal, is a specially constructed Model Dairy Building, 60 by 100 feet in dimensions and two stories high, housing representatives of each of the best breeds of milch cows. The stable is equipped with up-to-date appliances, particularly with regard to hygiene and sanitary conditions.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BUILDING
In the Division of Agricultural and Dairy products are shown farm crops, fibres and fertilizers, dairy methods and products, together with literature and statistics.
Just east of the Dairy Building is the Grange Building.
LIVE STOCK SHOW.
The Stock Exhibit is across the Mall; to the south of the Dairy Building and to the east of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. Accommodations are provided for 25,000 animals. Here are shown cattle, sheep, swine, horses, poultry, pet stock and birds, the exhibit being an unusually good one.
A very interesting feature of this division is a practical apiary, colonies of live bees gathering and storing honey in full view of visitors.
THE SECTION FOR SPORTS.
All of the principal exhibits departments have now been visited, and there remains to be seen the sporting and amusement features of the Exposition.
THE STADIUM
for sports is only a tew rods north of the Agriculture and Dairy Buildings. It is the most magnificent arena ever erected in America. The seating capacity is 12,000. It contains a quarter-mile track and abundant space for all the popular athletic games and sports- The architectural adornment is very simple and beautiful, giving it an , aspect of massiveness and durability. The arrangement is that of a vast amphitheater, the seats being under cover and affording com- fort to the spectators. The main entrance is a large building whose ijpper floor is used for restaurant purposes. The architecture is very picturesque and appropriate.
While the Stadium was designed primarily for athletic and sporting events, it is intended also for the parade and judging of live stock, and for the exhibition of farm and road machinery, traction engines, automobiles and other vehicles in motion.
ACROSS THE PLAZA.
Directly opposite the main or western entrance to the Stadium is a restaurant looking upon the Plaza. On the opposite side of the Plaza is another restaurant, similar in construction and adornment, and through it the visitor may pass to the section of the Exposition grounds known as the Midway.
ON THE MIDWAY.
The Midway is the amusem'ent feature of the Exposition. Here are the pick of the attractions which have entertained visitors at other expositions, and many entirely new and original ones. For novelty and quality this three million dollar Midway stands pre-eminent. Let the visitor stroll down the north side of the street.
The Esquimaux Village. — The first attraction is the Esquimaux Village, the representation being very faithful, a large number of natives being engaged in various occupations in and about the queer looking buildings.
The Glass factory. — A step further on is a glass factory, in which expert glass blowers are employed fashioning fancy articles of many kinds.
A Trip to the Moon. — The next attraction is a "Trip to the Moon." Here the visitor is told by the "spieler," or crier, that he can take a car which will bear him aloft to the realm of the Man in the Moon, where he will be entertained most royally in the grand palace. There is a captivating mystery about it all.
The Thompson Aerio-Cycle. A sky-scraping novelty next engages the attention. It is the Thompson Aerio-Cycle. Here is no mystery. At either end of a long beam of structural steel, the center of which is fixed to the top of a high steel tower, are four cars, swinging in revolving wheels, in which passengers are taken to a height of 275 feet, where they may get a good view of the Exposi- tion and its surroundings. The Aerio-Cycle is operated by Niagara Falls power.
The Captive Balloon. — Here is seen the Captive Balloon, which was one of the greatest midway attractions at the Paris Exposition.
The Old Plantation. — The traveller continues on down the right side of the street, reserving the attractions on the opposite for the return trip, and comes next to an "Old Plantation," where Negroes from the South are working or entertaining in the spacious building or the field beyond. Here is the cabin made famous by Mrs. Stowe in her book "Uncle Tom's Cabin."
The Beautiful Orient. — Just beyond is one of the entrances to the " Beautiful Orient," with streets, buildings, natives and wares of the East.
Cleopatra. — The visitor will be deeply interested in the next at- traction, whether or not he attended the Chicago Exposition. It is a
AGRICULTURAL BUILDING
Contains exhibits of machinery for cultivating the soil, harvesting and preserving crops. Implements, machines, etc.
wonderful reproduction of tlie White City in miniature. A building of strange architecture and curious decorations houses the concession of "Cleopatra," which depicts the most interesting incidents in the career of the queen.
Around the World, — The visitor comes next to "Around the World," whe--'- he may get snap shots of the different countries on the globe, ending with a beautiful scenic attraction, designed by Raphael Beck, the celebrated Pan-American artist, showing the " Maid of the Mist " emerging from Niagara Falls.
The Colorado Gold Mine. — He next sees the "Colorado Gold Mine," where all machinery and operations for the mining of the precious metal are shown.
Dreamland. — A little beyond is the big pop-corn stand, and at the turn in the street to the left is " Dreamland," where guests are mystified by a maze of mirrors.
The CIneograph. — Next is the " Cineograph," the newest and greatest of picture machines.
Cyclorama of Missionary Ridge. — Next the Cineograph is the "War Cyclorama of Missionary Ridge," in a large building of circular shape.
The Philippines Village. — The interesting "Philippines Vil- lage," presenting a faithful picture of those islands, is next.
"Alt Nuremburg " is an excellent reproduction of a quaint old German town.
Across the Mall is the "Infant Incubator."
The Scenic Railway and Rivers."— A little further on is the " Scenic Railway and Rivers," where the visitor may enjoy a ride in a comfortable car and view beautiful scenery.
Frank C. Bostock's Trained Wild Animal Arena is the
biggest and best exhibition of the kind ever made.
The Spectatorlum, "Jerusalem on the Morning of the Crucifixion," is a little further on.
Indian Congress. — In the " Indian Congress " representatives of 42 Western tribes give a true representation of the red man's life on the plains.
Venice in America. —Retnang his steps, the visitor next finds himself at "Venice in America," with its shops and palaces, its
canals on which are gondolas propelled by gaily attired gondoliers, and its pigeons circling in the air.
"Fair Japan " is next. Here girls in native costumes serve tea, and geishas entertain with dancing.
The Johnstown Flood, — Recrossing the Mall, the visitor comes to a large bazaar, with a prodigality of novelties for sale, beyond which is the Sceneograph, whi:.i reproduces scenes of the great Johnstown Flood.
Wild Water Sports and Barnes' Diving Flks. — Around the corner is the great aquatic sports attraction, with the diving elks as one of the special features.
Gypsy Camp and theatre is here, a \ery attractive spot.
House Upside Down and Roltaire's Palace of Illusions. —
The Pabst restaurant is at the next corner, and alongside it is the "House Upside Down," the entrance to Roltaire's Palace of Illus- ions.
Hawaii and the Volcano in Eruption.— \n the next building is the volcano of Kileaua in eruption, and the Hawaiian artists enter- tain the audiences.
Darkest Africa. — This is an exhibition of life in the heart of .Africa, with the natives in their native surroundings, and is specially valuable as an educational factor, as well as being one Sf the most interesting features of the Midway.
Darkness and Dawn, a presentation of Dante's Inferno, is the next attraction, and from this the visitor passes to the
"Streets of Mexico," where life in the thrifty republic is faithfully represented.
The Panopticon. The last visit is at Turpin's "Panopticon," or wax figures.
The Midway has more than a mile of frontage. The cost of building this amusement quarter was $3,000,000.
Conveyance for visitors within the Exposition grounds is by means of the boats on the canals and waterways, b'y the rolling chairs and by the Miniature Railways which run from entrance to entrance next to the Exposition fence.
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ETHNOLOGY BUILDING
Opposite the Fountain of Abundance. Wiiere man studies man. Exhibits relating to pre-historic and historic archaeology, ethnolog-y and related arts.
Officers of the Pan-American Exposition.
President, John G. Miliuirn, Treasurer, George L. Williams. Secretary, Edwin Fleming.
Directors — John N. Scatcherd, Harry Hamlin, Conrad Diehl, George K. Birge, Joseph T. Jones, Thomas W. Symons, Carleton Sprague, Robert F. Schelling, Charles P.. Huntley, John M. Brinker, Chas. W. Goodyear, Geo. L. Williams, George Urban, Jr., John G. Milburn, W. Caryl Ely, Frank B. Baird, William Hengerer, W. H. Hotchkiss, Henry J. Pierce, George Bleistein, F. C. M. Lautz, H. M. Gerrans, E. G. S. Miller, Herbert P. Bissell, *John B. Weber, fj- J- .\lbrlght, fG. V. Forman.
"Resigned to become Commissioner General.
tResigned.
Executive Officials of the Exposition.
Director General — Willl\m I. Bi'ch.\n.\n.
Executive Committee — John N. Scatcherd, Chairman; Harry Ham- lin, Vice-Chairman; Conrad Diehl, George K. Birge, Joseph T. Jones, Thomas W. Symons, Carleton W. Sprague, Robert F. Schel- ling, Charles R. Huntley.
Secretary to the Chairman — George W. Ames.
Assistant Treasurer and Acting Auditor — Henry E. Grant.
Chief Clerk, Treasurer's Department — Henry M. Nicholls.
Commissioner General — John B. Weber. Assistant to Commis- sioner General — N. Veloz Goaticoa.
Director of Exhibits, Director of Concessions — F. W. Taylor.
Grounds and Buildings. — Director of Works, Newcomb Carl- ton; Landscape Architect, Rudolph Ulrich; Chief of Building Con- struction, J. H. Murphy; Chief Engineer, S. J. Fields; Chief of Electrical and Mechanical Bureau, Henry Rustin; Electrical Engineer, Luther Stieringer; Chief Draughtsman, Harry Weatherwax.
Advisory Board of Architects— J. M. Carrere, of Carrere & Hast- ings, New York, chairman; George F. Shepley, of Shepley, Routan & Coolidge, Boston; R. S. Peabody, of Peabody & Stearns, Boston; Walter Cook, of Babb, Cook & Willard, New York; J. M. Howard, of Howard, Cauldwell & Morgan, New York; George Gary, Buffalo; li. B. Green, of Green & Wicks, Buffalo; August C. Esenwein, of ICsenwein & Johnson, Buffalo.
Bureau of Publicity.— Cha.\rma.n of the Committee, George Bleistein; Superintendent Advertising Department, F. R. Rosseel;
Superintendent Editorial Department, Mark Bennitt; Editor, Edward Hale Brush; in charge Latin-American press, J. V. Noel; Chief Clerk, F. H. Greene; Designer, F. F. Helmer.
Bureau of Transportation. — Superintendent of Passenger De- partment, Jas. V. Mahoney; Superintendent of Freight Department, Bruce Ellis.
Exhibits. — Chairman of the Committee, Frank B. Baird; Secre- tary of the Committee, R. K. Smither; Superintendent Horticulture and Forestry, F. W. Taylor; Ass't Superintendent, in charge of Floriculture, William Scott; Ass't Superintendent, in charge ot Food Exhibits, G. Edward Fuller; Ass't Superintendent, in charge of Pomological Division, H. E. Van Deuman; Superintendent Ma- chinery, Transportation and Agricultural Implements and Graphic Arts, Thomas M. Moore; Ass't Superintendent Machinery, Transpor- tation and Agricultural Implements, E. N. Squires; Ass't Superin- tendent, in charge Graphic Arts, Richmond C. Hill; Ass't Superin- tendent, in charge Ordnance Group, Lieut. Godfrey L. Garden, R. C. S.; Superintendent of Agriculture and Live Stock, F. A. Con- verse; Superintendent ot Electrical Exhibits, G. F. Sever; Super- intendent of Ethnological Exhibits, Dr. A. L. Benedict; Superinten- dent Manufactures, A. M. Wheeler; Superintendent Liberal Arts, Dr. Selim H. Peabody; Superintendent Mines and Metallurgy, David T. Day; Ass't Superintendent Sanitary Exhibits, Jacob S. Otto; Super- intendent Fine .Arts, William A. Coffin.
Various Executive Officers. — Chief of Medical Bureau, Ros- well Park, M. D.; Purchasing .Agent Printing and Supplies, Francis Almy; Manager Bureau of Labor Registration, Frank M. Devlin; Chief of Police, Capt. John Byrne; Superintendent of .Admissions and Collections, W. E. Cash.
Buffalo Board of Women Managers. — Mrs. J. J. .Albright, Dr. Ida C. Bender, Mrs. Tracy C. Becker, Mrs. John W. Bush, Mrs. Charles Gary, Miss Annie Damar, Mrs. Joseph Desbecker, Mrs. P. H. Griffin, Mrs. David Gray, Mrs. Joseph E. Gavin, Mrs. William Ham- lin, Mrs. John M. Horton, Mrs. A. G. Hauenstein, Mrs. Charles F. Kingsley, Mrs. Herman Mvnter, Mrs. Adelbert Moot, Mrs. Norman E. Mack, Mrs. Elizabeth B. McGowan, Mrs. W. A. Rogers, Mrs. Robert K. Root, Mrs. j. F. Schoellkopf, Jr., Miss Frances G. Stan- ton, Mrs. G. W. Townsend, Mrs. Herman Waterman, Mrs. Lester Wheeler, Miss Marion De Forest, Secretary.
1. THE ALBRIGHT ART GALLERY
Named in honor of J. J. Albright, donor, an eminent citizen of Buffalo.
2. MANUFACTURES AND LIBERAL- ARTS BUILDING
Exhibits of manufactured merchandise, educational displays, foods, etc.
Official Classification of Exhibits.
DIVISIONS.
I. AGRICULTURAL AND DAIRY PRODUCTS.
1[. AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND MACHINERY.
III. LIVE STOCK.
IV. FOODS AND THEIR ACCESSORIES.
V. HORTICULTURE.— Pomnlogy, Floriculture, Viticulture. VI. FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS. VII. FISH AND FISHERIES. VIH. MINES AND METALLURGY. IX. MACHINERY. X. ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES.
XI. TRANSPORTATION EXHIBITS.— Railways, Vehicles, Ves- sels. XH. ORDNANCE AND MUNITIONS OF WAR.
XIII. MANUFACTURES.
XIV. GRAPHIC ARTS.— Typography, Lithography, Steel and
Copper-plate Printing, Photo-lVIechanical Processes, Draw- ing, Engraving, Bookbinding.
XV. LIBERAL ARTS.— Education, Engineering, Public Works,
Sanitation, Constructive .Architecture, Social Economy, Music and the Drama.
XVI. ETHNOLOGY AND ARCH/EOLOGY.
XVII. FINE ARTS.— Painting, Sculpture, Decoration.
Important Infornnation.
The Pan-.American Exposition Comjiany have a permanent Bureau of Information in Ellicott Square, Room 213, devoted exclusively to tlie interests of visitors to the Exposition. Under the direction of W. D. Thayer, Superintendent, a thorough tabulation of all hotels, boarding houses, rooming houses, and private residences where guests will be taken, has been made, and all inquiries concerning accommodations will be promptly answered, and such places recom- mended as seem best to reach the needs of inquirers. "The hotel accommodations will be ample. There are 185 hotels, capacity 23,954; there are 237 boarding houses, capacity 6,836; there are 391 rooming houses, capacity 11,622; there are 3,493 private resi- dences, capacity 35,113; a total of 77,525. New hotels and ad- ditional private accommodations will increase this to 125,000 within Buffalo alone," There is no reason to believe that visitors need pay exorbitantly for accommodations, as a generous pride pervades all classes of Buffalonians to accord all visitors a hearty welcome and liberal treatment. It will only be necessary to use ordinary care to secure such accommodations as are wished for.
The Pan-American Exposition authorities approve the following list ef companies who have arranged bureaus of information for answering letters of inquiry and directing visitors, and letters sent to any of them will be answered immediately and with care, and visitors calling are accorded courteous welcome and given any in- formation desired. The approved list is as follows:
The Pan-.American .Accommodation Company (incorporated) has under its control accommodations for 6,000 people daily in the first class hotels and private residences in the finest locations in the City of Buffalo and Niagara Falls. Rates $1.00 per day and upwards. If contemplating visiting the Exposition or Falls, take advantage and write to-day lor particulars. Pan-American Accommodation Com- pany, 680 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y. Branch oflices: New York, Chicago, St. Louis, Boston, Philadelphia, Niagara Falls.
Write the Visitors' Information Company, 538-540 Ellicott Square, Buffalo, N. Y., which for the sum of one dollar will give to a visitor to the Pan-.4merican Exposition at Buffalo the following important benefits and privileges; Guide Book; Identilkation Ticket; facts concerning Buffalo, with perfect map; how to reach your Bufialo address; selection of good guides; stickers that will expedite deliv- ery of your baggage and enable same to be easily traced, if lost; list of reliable hotels and boarding houses; engaging in advance your accommodations; care of your mail, telegrams and parcels; all necessary particulars as to excursions, bicycle, carriage and auto- mobile service; visits to factories and shops of unusual interest; directory of best merchants and physicians; handsome views; imme- diate Exposition service and general bureau of information.
Pan-American Room Renting Bureau, 482 Ellicott Square, will reserve for you now for occupancy at any time during the Exposition the most desirable accommodations to be found in the "Rainbow
THE STADIUM
Magnificent arena for athletic and sporting events live stock parades and vehicle exhibitions.
City." These accommodations are in private homes in the finest residence portion of the city, and cannot be duplicated in first-class hotels for double or triple the cost, and not equalled at any price in the temporary Exposition hotels. Do not neglect the securing of accommodations in advance, as at least 75 percent, of visitors will be quartered in private homes, and naturally the advance reserva- tions will be the most desirable. Send for free folder giving full details.
The Pan-.4merican, 912 Prudential Building, Buffalo, N. Y., con- ducted by Arthur W. Decker, Manager, represents a certain section of Buffalo, bounded by Porter .Avenue, Richmond, Ferry and the water front, this section is admittedly the coolest and most delightful in summer, and is the residential section of Buffalo citizens, fine asphalt streets, shade trees, electric cars, close to steam belt line, running direct to grounds; easy access to excursion docks. Fort Porter, and the best of all, the beautiful Niagara River. A special effort will be made to please all those who register with the Pan- .American.
Dr. Pierce's Information Bureau, Dr. R. V. Pierce, 652 Main Street. This bureau is in one of the extensive buildings occupied
by the World's Dispensary Medical Association, in a central locality, and has been fitted up with accommodation for the reception ol visitors. Here people can make inquiries and be given reliable in- formation, and have boarding places assigned them free. The Bureau has accommodations' booked for more than fifty thousand persons.
The Teachers' Pan-Tourist Co., 433 Mooney-Brisbane Building.
The Weekly Trips Co., Rotunda Floor, Ellicott Square.
I. 0, 0. F. Bureau, Charles Seaman, manager, 213 Ellicott Square.
Courier (Newspaper) Tourist Bureau, Courier Building.
Pan-American Accommodation Bureau, 605 Mooney-Brisbane Building.
H. A. Meldrum Company, 460 Main Street, one of the great dry- goods houses, whose bureau of information is one of the evidences of their spirit of enterprise.
Clark's Home Comfort Bureau of Information, 441 Ellicott Square.
The Business Men's Central Council, Chapin Block, Pearl and Swan streets.
Epworth League Christian Endeavor Rooming and Information Company, 10 W. Chippewa Street.
STATLER'S PAN-AMERICAN HOTEL
odate 5.000 people
THE SERVICE BUILDING
1 Building was the first building devoted to the purposes of the Exposition which \ upon the grounds, for the Exposition authorities.
npleted It is the headquarter;
THE MODEL DAIRY BUILDING
Equipped with up-to-date appliances, particularly regarding hygienic and sanitary matte
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BOSTOCK S TRAINED WILD ANIMALS
Consists of over four hundred animals, with a great number of wonderfully trained lions, leopards, elephants. Polar and Russian bears, etc.
STREETS OF MEXICO AND BIRD'S-EYE VIEW OF THE MIDWAY
The Streets of Mexico very completely portrays the architecture, modes of living and character of the people of our sister republic.
AKOUN'S BEAUTIFUL ORIENT
Al] the people of the East are represented with their native animals and paraphernalia and their sports and pastimes.
THE JOHNSTOWN FLOOD
In a building 1 40 feet Ions by 1 00 wide is vividly pictured the scenes of that terrible engulfing deluge of waters, the Johnstown Flood.
ENTRANCE TO INDIAN CONGRESS
Representatives from 42 different tribes of American Indians, Showing industrial, spectacular and historical features-
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THE HAWAIIAN VILLAGE AND KILEAUA VOLCANO
WILD WATER SPORTS
Wild Water Sports, gives an exciting Wild Boar Chase, Diving Elks, Vatideville, etc.
PHILIPPINE VILLAGE
Here may be seen a represe.uation of a Village in our new" possessions." peopled with 100 Filipinos with their Native Animals and everyday surrounding
A TRIP TO THE MOON
On the Airship Luna, visiting the Queer City of the Moon, and the wonderful Palace of the Man in the Mo
CLEOPATRA'S TEMPLE
Cleopatra's Temple contains a series of great paintings by Astley D. M Cooper
illustrating the principal events in the life of the famous Egyptian Queen.
The splendid structure is thoroughly Egyptian in style and decoratioit.
THE BATTLE OF MISSIONARY RIDGE
An electric Cyclorama of the Battle of Mission Ridge. An enormous reproducti{
of the great battle between the Northern and Confederate armies.
Wednesday, Novennber 25, 1863.
INFANT INCUBATORS
The above illustration represents a substantial briclt structure, wherein lives of prematurely and weakly-born infants are being saved by the QBATA Company, of New York, London and Berlin.
DARKEST AFRICA
The Home of 1 50 Negroes direct from the Wilds of Darkest Africa, with ail kinds of African products
FAIR JAPAN
. characteristic of I'fe and scenes in Japan ; a genuine Tea Garden, with picturesque landscape vhere tea will be served by dainty Geisha Girls, fresh from the Orient; and celebrated Jugglers and Acrobats will entertain the visitors.
ALT NURNBERG— OLD NUREMBERG
'The Nassaur Haus: ' Main Entrance to the Old City of Nuremberg, with its Towers and Tiled Roofs, its Quaint Walls and Roof Windows.
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ROLTAIRS HOUSE UPSIDE DOWN
One of the oddest features of the Midway, g-iven in connection with the fanrious " Palace of Illusions." Everything in the Castle appears to be inverted.
A CORNER OF VENICE IN AMERICA
Life in Venice portrayed in fascinating manner by Native Gondoliers, by the Rialto, the Bridge of Sighs, Palace of the Doges, and all their Historic Surroundings, with Venetian Pigeons circling in the air.
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TURPIN'S PANOPTICON
The Panopticon, one of the first attractions from the. Midway entrance, consists of several hundred groups of magnificent tableaux, marvelous in executic
representing scenes in the history of the word. American events from Colonial times to the present being particularly
well illustrated. There is, however, no "chamber of horrors."
DARKNESS AND DAWN
' At the Woeful Tide of Acheron," in Darkness and Dawn. A grand representation of Heaven and Hell.
ENTRANCE TO DREAMLAND
shown the Crystal Maze, with weird and startling effects and iilu
THE OLD PLANTATION
Showing ■• The Roomy Mansion," Negro Quarters. Cotton and Corn Fields.
as before the war, with 200 darkies from the South, with
the original " Uncle Tom's Cabin."
AROUND THE WORLD
Snap Shots of the different countries on the globe, ending with a beautiful : designed by Raphael Beck, showing " Maid of the Misl" emerging irom Niagara Falls.
GROUP OF STATE BUILDINGS
Ohio Building. .. „, i;„„i„„j D„iiji„„ New York Building.
Michigan Building. ^^^ England Building. Wisconsin Building.
The Commissioners from the six New England States united in erecting this model of the Colonial Mansion. It is the only building at the Exposition designed by s woman, the architect being Miss Josephine W. Chapman, of Boston, who has attained an eminent position in her profession as Architect and Superintendent of Construction.
CITY AND COUNTY HALL, BUFFALO
Queerv City of the Lakes
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^HE history of but few cities in tlie Western Hemispliere presents more remarlcable evidences of rapid growth and material progress than does the record of the Queen City of the Lakes. A century ago the only evidence of civilization at the foot (if Lake Erie. was a small collection of three or four insignificant build- ings. The site was owned by the Holland Land Company and was first laid out in town and village lots in 1804. It was then known as New .Amsterdam. About that time Dr. Cyrenus Chapin. who af- terward became a prominent resi- dent of Buffalo, came on from Oneida County', and with 39 other "respectable citizens" desired to purchase the entire township. This proposition was rejected, but Dr. Chapin and his friends materially nber Executive Board Pan-American assisted in promoting the growth
Exposition. ^i,j importance of the village, the
name of which was changed to Buffalo Creek and later to Buffalo, the name New .Amsterdam not having found much favor.
In 1808 the County of Niagara was erected, with Buffalo as the county seat. It was not until 13 years later that Erie County was
Hon. CONRAD DIEHL. Mayor of Buffalo.
erected, being separated from Niagara in 1831. In the last days of December, 1812, all but one or two houses of Buffalo were burned by the British and their Indian allies, so that the actual his-' tory of Buffalo practically began and the village was incorporated in 1813, and was rapidly rebuilt from that time. The first ; ostoffice was established in 1802, and the first newspaper, the Buffalo Ga- zettf:, in 181 1. Buffalo was first known as a shipping port in 1815, and the first steamer seen upon the waters of Lake Erie, the " Walk- in-Water," came into the port of Buffalo August 23, 1818. The Erie Canal, in which Buffalo has always been deeply interested as its western terminal, was begun in 1817 and completed in 1825. The first steam railroad, between Buffalo and Niagara Falls, was com- pleted in August, 1836. In 1832 Buffalo was incorporated as a city, and for nearly 40 years thereafter had a healthy but not phenomenal growth until about the year 1870, when it began to roll up accumu- latively astonishing additions to its population, and to give evidence of becoming one of the greatest commercial and manufacturing cities of the world. The census of 1870 gave the population ot Buffalo as 117,714; 1880, 155,134; 1890, 255,647; 1900, 352,219.
With an area of 42 square miles, Buffalo has had and stid has abundant room for growth. The main contributions to the growth and importance of Buffalo has been the development of the great coal fields of Pennsylvania and the amazing development of the rich and vast regions of the West and the Northwest. Buffalo is the great eastern gateway of the enormous trade of the Great Lakes. At the head of the Erie Canal is the center of a concentration of great trunk lines of railroad, in the direct natural course of an enor- mous tide of traffic, Buffalo receives material benefit from all points of the compass. It is the great point of trans-shipment, and the
stopping-off place in the center of the continent, and niay be com- pared to the junction of the small ends of two giant funnels, one stretching far westward, the other towards the rising sun — the pro- ducts of half the continent, the mines, the forests, the fertile fields sweeping to the westward funnel; vessels, railroad trains passing through the narrow neck and paying well for the privilege, carrying out to the world beyond through the eastern funnel, and sending in return over the same pathway the product of looms, factories, mines and many industries which are kept unceasingly busy, paying for the wealth of natural product which the great West and Northwest yields to enrich the world.
Buffalo is the fourth shipping city of the world. It is entered by 28 steam railways and has nearly 700 miles of trackage within the city limits. It is also the te'rminus of the finest system of inter- urban trolley railways to be found anywhere, connecting all the cities and principal villages of Western New York and the Province of Ontario. Lake and canal business is heavy. The arrivals of vessels per year number approximately 5,000, representing a tonnage of more than 5,000,000. The grain receipts by lake are annually about 200,000,000 bushels. The coal shipments by lake amount to about 3,000,000 tons annually. The Lackawanna coal trestle on the lake shore is one mile long^the largest in the world. The harbor is one of the best. The breakwater in course of construction will be nearly four miles long when completed, the longest in the w'orld.
In recent years a new and most important factor in the commercial growth of Buffalo has been developed. It is the cheap electric power contributed by the forces of the current of the Niagara River, and transmitted for use in Buffalo for lighting, street railway and various industrial purposes. Among the largest users of the electric power transmitted from the Niagara River are the Buffalo Railway Company, which takes 6,500 electrical horse power; the Buffalo General Elec- tric Company, the company that lights the streets of the city, con- suming 4,000 horse power; the Great Northern Elevator Company, 1,000 horse power; the Electric Grain Elevator, 450 horse power; the Union Dry Dock Company, 200 horse power, and a great number of the heavy power users, besides 5,000-horse power is supplied to the Pan-.-Vmerican Exposition.
The importance of this to the visitor to the Pan-American Expo- sition is found in the fact that the transmitted Niagara electric current has been and is being applied to so many uses in Buffalo that visitors to the Exposition will lind much to interest them in the various elec- trical installations, not only on the Exposition grounds, but also
throughout the city. .At Niagara Falls is power enough to supply the world; the only question tpTie solved is the method of delivery.
The manufacturing interests of Buffalo are large and diversified. Thetfe are 3,500 manufactories, employing more than 100,000 oper- atives. The output of flour is appro.ximately 2,000,000 barrels annually.
The public spirit and enterprise of the citizens of Buffalo have been manifested in many ways, but the crowning feature in this respect is the taking up of the responsibility of the great Pan-Amer- ican Exposition.
Buffalo has been the home of two Presidents of the United States, Millard Fillmore and Grover Cleveland, and has furnished to the state and national legislatures many men of ability. In recent years it has attracted capitalists and manufacturers from all points. Its social life has grown more refined, and art, science and literature are taking high rank in the estimation of the people.
The city has sixty public schools, a free public library containing 130,000 books, and a reference library containing 50,000 volumes. Its churches number 187. There are nine theatres. The city has 18 commercial banks, four savings banks and two trust companies. There are 104.71 miles of stone pavement, 7.54 miles of brick, 3. OS miles of macadam and 222.83 miles of asphalt, giving Buffalo more asphalt than Paris, Washington, London, or any other city in the world.
The park system is one of the finest. It consists of 1,025^ acres of improved ground and 21 miles of park driveways.
The city water supply is obtained from Lake Erie. It is pure and unlimited.
Natural gas is piped from Northern Pennsylvania and Welland, Ont., and much of it is in use in the city.
Several million dollars are being expended in abolishing dangerous railway crossings at grade; a new Government Building and Post- office, costing $2,500,000, has just been occupied; several ipam- moth and well-appointed office buildings have been erected during the last few years, and added hotel accommodations have recently been completed. Work is under way on a $20,000,000 steel plant, and the productive power of many important industries is being very largely increased, while in many other significant ways Buffalo is preparing for a great future.
Interest in the business prosperity of the city is a prominent char- acteristic of her citizens, and the business .issociatious art- active in lurnishing all information and seconding as lar as possible all indus- trial enterprises of a promising nature.
LAFAYETTE PARK AND SOLDIERS' MONUMENT
Mooney-Brisbane Building.
St. Joseph's Cathedral.
PLACES OF WORSHIP IN BUFFALO
First Presbyterian Church. Tempie Beth Zion
Seven Dolors Church (German).
MAIN STREET, AT ELLICOTT SQUARE
Eliicott Square is the largest Office Building in Buffalo, and one of the principal central landmarks,
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THE NEW POST OFFICE AND GOVERNMENT BUILDING
Covers an entire square ; cost $2,500,000, and has just been occupied. One of the finest in the country.
IN THE SHOPPING DISTRICT
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THE BUFFALO PUBLIC LIBRARY
The building aiso accommodates at present, The Academy of Fine Arts, The Historica', Society and the Society of Natural Science.
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MILITARY HEADQUARTERS IN BUFFALO
The 65th Arsenal. The 74th Armory.
Builders' Exchange.
TRADE CENTRES
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WASHINGTON MARKET
On Washington, Chippewa and Ellicott Streets. It is the principal nnarket place for the inhabitants of this city.
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A FIRE TUG IN ACTION— BUFFALO HARBOR
One of the most interesting sights on the harbor front is one of these powerfully built tugs when playing upon a fire in one of the large elevators which are everywhere along the docks.
PROMINENT CHURCHES
St. Louis Catholic Church, Main Street. Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church.
Buffalo has nearly 200 churches within her corporate limits to attest the vitality of her religious life.
PARK SCENES
THE NIAGARA HOTEL
The Niagara Hotel Is delightfully situated on high ground, amid park-like scenes. Its appointments are new throughout, and designed for the requirements of a refined and high class of tourists and travelers.
SCENES IN DELAWARE PARK.
GENERAL VIEW OF NIAGARA FALLS FROM SUSPENSION BRIDGE
Trolley Trips aLrvd Electric Excursions
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HE International Traction Company, controlling the street railways in Buffalo, has one of the best systems of street car properties of equal mile- age in the United States and the many improvements and changes in the service have come about in the past two years, or since the various railways have been brought under one management.
Not only does the company op- erate in Buffalo, but the lines and extensions reach to Niagara I-^'alls, and into the domain of King Ed- ward on the other side of the Niag- ara River; to the City of Lockport, on the Erie Canal, and Olcott Beach, thirty-six miles from Buf- falo, on Lake Ontario's Shore; and, to the east, reaching the in- dustrious towns of Depew and Lancaster, thirteen miles from the Pan-American city.
To see Buffalo and the many attractions adjacent thereto ; Niag- ara, the world's famous spa, and the beautiful fruit district of Niagara County, one can easily consume several days and still leave much to see on another visit.
The extensive preparations made by the trolley people to take care of the vast crowds that will come to view the most beautiful exposi-
W., CARYL ELY. reclor of Pan-American Exposition Co.
jident of Interurban Electric Lines of thi International Traction Company.
tion the Americas have ever seen, are most complete, and Pan- American guests can be assured of excellent accommodation in the way of trolley service and will be landed at any point adjacent to the gates that they may desire.
The trolley ride to Niagara Falls has for some time been a promi- nent feature of the sojourn in Buffalo, and the many improvements have added much to this popular ride.
The Big Yellow Cars, so well known on Buffalo's streets, leave the city every few minutes by way of Main street (from the Ter- race) and Niagara street until they reach the Military road on the direct route to the Falls. Here increased speed is at once noti:e- able, and the traveler soon finds himself passing through the br.3y cities of the Tonawandas and through a pretty stretch of country, dotted with attractive farm houses, until he reaches the historical village of La Salle, just before approaching the City of Niagara Falls. The cars reach the terminal at the entrance to Prospect I^ark and within a few hundred feet of the Falls themselves, and the tourist here can avail himself of the many sight-seeing trips around the great Cataract and Gorge.
Electric cars at short intervals cross the Steel Arch Bridge to the Canadian side and, skirting the high bank of the Niagara River, afford a beautiful panoramic view of the American and Horseshoe Falls and the rapids, which cannot be seen to such advantage by any other means. The rate of fare from Buffalo to the Falls is 50 cents for the round trip, and the fare for the entire ride on the Canadian side, back to the American side, is 75 cents, with the privilege of stop-over at any and all points of interest.
THE BELT LINE AROUND THE GORGE.
One of the pleasantest trips afforded by the International Traction Company is that over the Belt Line around the Niagara Gorge.
Crossing the river at the Falls, and following the Gorge on the Canadian side by the route already described, the passenger re- crosses the river at Queenston by the New Suspension Bridge, built in 1899, now the only one of its kind on the Niagara. This bridge replaces one opened in 1851 and destroyed in 1 864. The cable span is 1,040 feet, and the suspended span 800 feet, 65 feet above the river.
The car reaches Lewiston, on the American bank, and thence pro- ceeds over the Niagara Gorge Railroad back to the Falls, thus making a great loop around the Gorge, Lewiston (population 1,000) stands at the foot of the escarpment marking the old Lake Ontario shore-line, and from it led the famous F.ortage road to Niagara Falls, tirst followed by La Salle's expedition in 1678, and afterward a highway of travel in use before the days of railroads for the transportation of goods and emigrants bound to the West.
The car takes the passenger along the bottom of the cliff, near the water's edge, giving him a view close at hand of the Whirlpool and the Rapids.
At the Devil's Hole, on the Lower Rapids, Seneca Indians in 1763 ambuscaded one of the British provision trains convoyed daily up the Gorge, killing more than 80 persons.
The fare for this Belt Line trip, with privilege of stop-over at all points of interest, is SLOG, and including the trip on the Yellow Car to and from Buffalo, 81-50.
The trip from Buffalo to Lockport embraces a beautiful stretch of country, and the traveler is here treated to a very picturesque ride at a rate of speed seldom attained on a suburban electric railway. The route lies by way of Main street in Buffalo from the Terrace to the city line, and then follows a private right of way to the Tona- wandas and eastward to Lockport.
From Lockport the trip is directly north to Olcott Beach through a delightful section of Niagara County, abounding in orchards and vineyards.
At Olcott Beach, on Lake Ontario, the company has established a beautiful park, where are all modern attractions that make a summer resort popular. An immense hotel, with dining-room accommoda- tion for live hundred guests; a large concert hall, where musical and other entertainments are given by the best talent; large verandahs overlooking the lake, and underneath the hotel, on the Beach, some two hundred bathing-houses.
The company has also erected a large terminal station within the grounds, and a frequent service of electric cars to Buffalo enables the tourist to return at his convenience. A large rustic out-door theatre, amusements for the old and young, and excellent bathing facilities, go to make Olcott Beach one of the finest lake resorts in Northern New York. The round trip fare from Buffalo is $1.00.
TO NIAGARA TALLS BY WATER. By the International SteaLmship Co's Stean\er.
At the foot of Ferry street,,- accessible from any part of the city by trolley, are the docks of the International Navigation Company. The tourist boards one of the company's steamers, which are hand- somely furnished and fitted with all conveniences desirable to the traveler. Leaving Ferry street one gets a fine view of Lake Erie, with Fort Erie just across the river on the Canadian side. Steaming down the Niagara River, passing Black Rock, and under the famous International Bridge, connecting New York State and Canada, the steamer continues down the river, with Grand Island, dotted with its handsome clubhouses and summer residences, on one side and the Canadian shore, with its quaint old farm houses, and magnificent scenery, on the other. Passing Grand Island, the steamer skirts along the shore of Navy and Buckhorn islands, and then touches at Slater's Point, Canada.
Stepping from the boat one boards the trolley cars of the Niagara F'alls Park and River Railway. From this point the cars run through the old town of Chippewa, past the historic battlefield of Chippewa and Lundy's Lane, across the old Welland Canal, and thence through the famous Dufferin Islands by the bank of the Upper Rapids to Queen Victoria Park, where the first view of the Falls is had.
NIAGARA,
"Mighty waters, headlong tumbling, Down the vast abyss below. Ceaseless pouring, endless roaring, Does this torrent ever flow." After viewing this incomparable scene, the car is boarded again and it runs through the Canadian village of Niagara F'alls past the new Cantilever Bridge connecting the village with the American city of Niagara Falls, and thence to Clifton, the site of the old Suspen- sion Bridge, recently replaced by a huge cantilever structure. From there it runs along the edge of the high river bank, from which the Gorge and Whirlpool Rapids are in constant view, to Queenstown, by Brock's Monument. Leaving Queenstown, the car crosses the lower Suspension Bridge to Lewiston on the American side, where may be taken the cars of the great Gorge Route, as above described.
Brief Mention of Points of Interest at Niagara.
The points of interest on the .4merican side should be visited in the order named. These are free:
Prospect Park, side view of the American Fall and front view of the American Rapids.
THE HORSESHOE OR CANADIAN FALLS
Goat Island Bridge, Bath Island, Bath Island Bridge, Luna Island, Luna Fall, Biddle Staircase, Horseshoe Fall, side view; Terrapin Point, Hermit's Cascade, Three Sisters Islands, Little Brother Island, magnificent view of the Upper Rapids.
Fifteen cents will pay for a round trip across the Steel Arch Bridge to the Canadian side, where the following views can be had and the following points of interest visited, also without cost;
American Fall, front view; Horseshoe Fall, Canadian Rapids, front view; Ramblers' Rest, Inspiration Point, Split Rock, Rainbow Ramble, The Flower Gardens, Recreation Lawn and Table Rock.
The points of interest where fees are charged are as follows: The Cave of the Winds, Goat Island, including guide and suit, one dollar. Inclined Railway, Prospect Park, round trip, 10 cents. Tower, 300 feet high, 25 cents. Museum, 25 cents. Round trip on the " Maid of the Mist," including suit, 50cents. Hydraulic Elevator, Canadian side, 50 cents. Whirlpool Rapids Park Elevator, 50 cents. Obser- vation trains, N. Y. C, Lewiston and return, 40 cents. Niagara Gorge and Lewiston by trolley, "Gorge Route," round trip, 75c. Canadian side, trolley to Queenston and return, 60 cents. Belt Line trip, Niagara Falls to Canadian side, thence to Queenston, Suspen- sion Bridge to Lewiston and " Great Gorge Route " back to Falls. CHAUTAUQUA.
This great educational center was many years ago founded by Bishop John H. Vincent of the Methodist Church, upon Chautauqua Lake, among the picturesque hills of Chautauqua County, 800 feet above Lake Erie. The Assembly grounds have come to be the per- manent abode of a considerable number of people, and during six weeks of the summer season many of the most eminent men and women in educational and reform work of all kinds are to be heard in the great amphitheater. The train and boat service is such that one may leave Buffalo in the morning and return in the evening, and spend half the day on the lake. Near the foot of the lake is Celoron, the Coney Island for that part, of the State, where a vast plant has Ijeen established for the amusement and entertainment of the public. There are numerous summer resorts along the shores, with fine hotels, and attendant fleets of small steamers and other craft — Point Chautauqua, Greenhurst, Lakewood, Bemus Point and others. POPULAR RESORTS NEAR. BUFFALO.
Favorite summer places in Western New York, well known to Buffalonians, which may be visited so as to return the same day, are: Cassadaga Lake in Chautauqua County, Portage Falls, Conesus Lake and Charlotte, on Lake Ontario, which is the Coney Island of Rochester.
Farther away in Central New York are: Canandaigua Lake, Lake Keuka, Seneca Lake and Watkins Glen. In Eastern New York
are Richfield Springs, Saratoga Springs, Ballston Spa and the Cats- kill Mountains. The Adirondack region, with its numerous lakes and wild streams. Lakes Georg.e and Champlain, all popular with summer tourists. Nearly every line of railroad that goes out of Buffalo will carry the traveler to places made popular by their good hotels and beautiful scenery.
TRIPS WEST BY WATER.
The trip from Buffalo to Chicago, Duluth and other lake points may be made upon swift passenger steamers that rival in their beauty and equipment the finest steamships in the world. No journey is more refreshing than a ride through Lakes Erie, Huron and Superior in mid-summer upon boats of the Northern Steamship Company, Anchor or Lackawanna Lines, or through the wild and majestic scenery of Georgian Bay, from Collingwood, Parry Sound and other points. The Canadian Pacific Railway offers an attractive trip by rail from Buffalo by way of Toronto to Owen Sound, thence by boat through Georgian Bay and the Manitou Islands, the Sault Ste. Marie Canal and Lake Superior to Fort William, where connections are made with the main line. In the vicinity of Detroit are Put-in-Bay, Mt. Clemens, Grosse Isle and Belle Isle Park, with numerous summer homes and public resorts along the St. Clair River. For a short trip one may take the ride from Buffalo to Cleveland in one of the several floating palaces of the Cleveland & Buffalo Transit Company, or to Erie, Pa., by the Erie & Buffalo Line. By steamer the City of Erie is 4 hours away; Cleveland, 9 hours; Detroit, IS hours; Put-in-Bay, IS hours; Mackinaw, 35 hours; Sault Ste. Marie, 42 hours; Duluth, 59 hours.
THE THOUSAND ISLANDS.
The Thousand Islands attract numberless visitors every season. These rocky isles are surrounded by deep-water channels and are crowned with a thick growth of cedars and other trees. The fresh, exhilarating atmosphere is ever inviting to the cottager and the camper, and summer homes, from the board shack or tent to the palatial villa, are to be seen upon these island shores. An excursion among these islands is full of interest, even to the hurried traveler. The region is well supplied with good hotels, and the railroad and steamboat accommodations are such as to meet all demands. An exciting and interesting steamer trip is through the St. Lawrence Rapids on the way to Montreal.
MUSKOKA LAKES.
The Muskoka Lake region of Canada has become popular with Americans in recent years. Muskoka wharf is only eight hours' ride by rail from Buffalo by way of Hamilton and Toronto. The Toronto,
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NIAGARA FALLS IN WINTER
Showing the Ice Mountain and the river covered with ice, popularly called The Ice Bridge, enabling people to cross on the ice to the other side.
Hamilton & Buffalo, Canadian Pacific and Grand Trunk all go to Toronto, and the Grand Trunk to Muskoka wharf. Another pleasant route is by the New York Central to Lewiston, or Michigan Central to Niagara-on-the-Lake and by steamer to Toronto, and thence by rail to Muskoka, The three lakes, Muskoka, Rousseau and Joseph have a shore line of 100 miles, and the climate is not only healthful, but most exhilarating and delightful throughout the torrid season. The region is wild and romantic, and thousands of campers frequent the shores and islands of these lakes during the hot months.
RAILWAY SERVICE.
A through train service is in daily operation betwai Buffalo and nearly all the principal cities of the country. The dismce and time from various cities to Buffalo are as follows: Alban\.?9S m., 6 h.; Baltimore, 400 m., 13 h.; Boston, 499 m., 14 h.; Ciiago, 516 m., 13 h.; Cleveland, 183 m., 4 h.; Cincinnati, 427 m., 12 .; Columbus, 321 m., 8 h.; Detroit, 231 m., 6 h.; Indianapolis, m m., 12 h.; New York, 410 m., 9 h.; St. Louis, 727 m., 20 h. Washington, 440 m., 13 h.; Toronto, 100 m., 3 h.
THE STEAMER NEW YORK
Running on the " Picturesque Route " between Buffalo and Niagara Falls, and a favorite water trip between Buffalo and Toronto
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PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, TORONTO
One of the principal objects of interest to tourists in the beautiful City of Toronto.
KING STREET, TORONTO
The principal business street in the most enterprising Canadian City.
IE COMPANY'S auiUDING, BUFFALO
i! IHE Mutual Life Insurance Co.
OF NEW YORK. »»
RfCrlARO A. MCCURDV, PRESICSENT -- THE LARGEST ANO STRONGEST LIFE INSURANCE
7'-A COMPANY iN THE WORLO